Rob’s Megaphone

12 Jul, 2008

Overcome the comma!

Posted by: robertstevenson In: Grammar posts

Puny but powerful, the itsy bitsy comma remains a foe to many folks striving to use good grammar. The comma is among the most confusing and misused punctuation marks in English grammar. Some people place a comma whenever they pause in their proofreading. While this strategy is a good guide, it is not foolproof. Some guys have a vague recollection of grade-school grammar and guess at the comma’s proper placement. The problem here is that the rules get muddled over time. We see commas used incorrectly in print everyday, and for most of us, grammar school was a long time ago. Many folks seem to add commas whenever the mood strikes them, while others avoid commas entirely. For everyone who wants to overcome the comma, here are my 10 comma rules to remember.
1. Use commas to separate independent clauses when they are joined by one of the following words (known as coordinating conjunctions): and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet. For example: “She likes to read, and I like to write.” However, in the example “I like to run and swim,” no comma is needed because there is only one independent clause.
2. Use commas after introductory clauses, phrases, or words that come before the main clause. Don’t put a comma after the main clause when a dependent clause follows it (except for cases of extreme contrast, for example: They said they were not sleepy, although they fell asleep immediately).
3. Use commas to set off nonessential clauses, phrases, and words that occur in the middle of a sentence. Use one comma before the nonessential information to indicate the beginning of the pause and one at the end to indicate the end of the pause. To determine if the sentence element is essential, leave out the clause, phrase, or word, to see if the sentence still makes sense. If it does, then the element in question is nonessential and should be set off with commas. Here is an example of a nonessential clause: The girl, who happened to be a member of the club, was late for dinner.
4. Use commas to separate two or more coordinate adjectives that describe the same noun. Coordinate adjectives are adjectives with equal status in describing the noun. You can decide if two adjectives in a row are coordinate by asking the following questions: Does the sentence make sense if the adjectives are written in reverse order? Does the sentence make sense if the adjectives are written with and between them? If you answer “yes” to these questions, then the adjectives are coordinate and should be separated by a comma. Here are some examples of coordinate and non-coordinate adjectives: She was a difficult, stubborn child (coordinate). They lived in a white frame house (non-coordinate).
5. Use commas to separate three or more words, phrases, or clauses written in a series. For example: The child enjoys playing baseball, reading comic books, and watching television.
6. Use a comma prior to adding a quotation. The coach instructed his team, “You have the ability to win if you maintain your focus.”
7. Use a comma near the end of a sentence to separate contrasted coordinate (equal status) elements. For example: The girl said her favorite subject was history, not science.
8. Use commas to set off items in dates March 13, 1992, was the day we became best friends. (When using only the month and the year in a sentence, no comma is necessary. For example:  My first trip to Florida in March 1992 is still vivid in my mind.)
9. Use commas to set off geographical names. For example: Charleston, South Carolina, is a city rich in history.
10. Use commas to avoid confusion. For example: Tell the doctor, pepper is one of your asthma triggers. Or better yet: Tell Christopher, Columbus discovered America.
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22 Responses to "Overcome the comma!"

2 | Ward Tipton

July 12th, 2008 at 1:46 pm

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You may have to make exceptions for “and” and “but” if you are writing for the AP but still nice to see I am not the only one who recollects the importance and power of the written word. However, as with any weapon, it must be wielded properly in order to utilize its power.

Ward

3 | Dr. Nicole Sundene

July 12th, 2008 at 3:39 pm

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This is simply, just fabulous, and I absolutely love it, I am now off, to tell everyone “Rob’s Megaphone is where it is at”, thank you, and have a very, very, very, very, nice day!!!

Can we talk; about the proper use; of semi-colons; next?

4 | jcrn

July 12th, 2008 at 4:34 pm

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I need to have this one posted above my computer and refer to it often. Of the rules you note, can you list any that you recall any glaring errors being taught in recent years? I do.

I ask this because I had an English teacher who taught some very different rules. There was another English teacher who differed from the first. This led to much confusion. I do wonder how and why rules about commas change. I confess I am more prone to errors when using commas. I get confused about it or am torn between what one teacher told me versus the advice of another teacher. Even the style books get contradictory advice and each magazine or online site seems to follow a particular form unique to that site, leading to even more confusion. Sorry for any comma errors in this thesis of a comment.

5 | lientoo

July 12th, 2008 at 7:06 pm

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Very educational. Need alot of it. Tthanks.

6 | chris

July 12th, 2008 at 9:05 pm

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oh if you ever saw my grammar. Thanks for the fun and informative post. This was really helpful!

7 | The Masked Millionaire

July 12th, 2008 at 9:57 pm

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I have 6-10 down. If I could only get 1-5. I would be in good shape.

8 | Pete Nicely

July 12th, 2008 at 9:58 pm

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Great list. You number ten is the reason that commas will always be somewhat confusing, as confusing is always in the eye of the beholder.

9 | Raul Hummins

July 13th, 2008 at 4:44 am

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Here’s a simple rule that works for me. The way I see it is that commas remind me of my mother in law. Whenever there’s a place in a sentence where I would put my mother in law I put a comma instead.

10 | OBA

July 13th, 2008 at 8:32 am

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The child enjoys playing baseball, reading comic books, and watching television.

With the writing group I am with they say no comma before the and?? So which is right??

11 | robertstevenson

July 13th, 2008 at 8:43 am

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The comma in the series rule in all English grammar books says to include the last comma in a series. Journalism style books say when writing for newspapers omit the last comma in a series. AP Style rules and English grammar rules don’t always coincide.

12 | searchingwithin

July 13th, 2008 at 10:05 am

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Thanks for the info. I have always had the hardest time with commas.

13 | globalgirl

July 13th, 2008 at 10:15 am

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Commas are purposeful, all the time. Great post.

14 | timethief

July 13th, 2008 at 10:28 am

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I’m amazed and chagrined to discover how much I have forgotten about the proper use of commas. Thank you so much for this article which I have bookmarked for future reference.

15 | Mark Stoneman

July 13th, 2008 at 11:14 am

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But what are clauses? What are independent clauses? Your advice will help those who are at least aware of these elements of grammar. Far too often, though, I find students in college who are not aware of these concepts. Those who are, though, will benefit. And those who aren’t might now go out and try and figure out what these various grammatical things of which you speak are.

I’m going to add this link to a comment on my comma post, which simply points to other resources on the web, because I haven’t had the nerve to try to write directions myself.

16 | Barry

July 13th, 2008 at 3:02 pm

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A cool, comprehensive,categorically linguistic, cornucopia of common comma correctness! (why I used alliteration I have no clue)

18 | Mike

July 18th, 2008 at 12:35 am

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These are great tips.

19 | Weapons: Swords

July 21st, 2008 at 10:24 pm

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Always good to read about baseball and its players, I’ve played since a kid..

Can I ask though – how did you get this picked up and into google news?

Very impressive, is it something that is just up to Google or you actively created?

Obviously this is a popular blog with great data so well done on your seo success..

20 | Anne Coleman

July 22nd, 2008 at 10:34 am

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This is a really awesome resource, Rob. I’m the queen of comma overuse. I’m constantly second-guessing myself and this is great to have to refer back to!

21 | Jack Payne

July 30th, 2008 at 12:27 pm

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i’m lucky Rob, placing, commas comes, naturally,for me. I don’t know, what it is, but I have a, sixth sense of, where to place commas. It’s like, playing piano, by ear I, guess.

22 | Joanne

August 31st, 2008 at 3:59 pm

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What about using a comma before “too” and “as well” when they are at the end of a sentence?

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About

Hi! I'm Dr. Rob. I'm a father of two wonderful sons, a mass communications professor, and a blogger. Through Rob's Megaphone, my hope is to inform and entertain. Hope you get a chance to view my previous posts in the "Categories" menu below. Drop me a line if you have any feedback. Thanks a bunch!

BC